Under-Extrusion Under-extrusion occurs when the 3D printer extrudes insufficient filament, leading to gaps, weak layers, and poor adhesion. It is caused by incorrect flow rate, clogged nozzles, or inconsistent filament feeding. Advanced slicing software adjusts extrusion multipliers and flow rates to compensate. Proper nozzle maintenance, temperature calibration, and tension relief mechanisms ensure consistent extrusion. Under-extrusion affects surface finish, mechanical strength, and dimensional accuracy. Proper troubleshooting enhances print quality, layer bonding, and overall reliability. |